Delaware (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation) |
1-12139 (Commission File Number) |
65-0654331 (IRS Employer Identification No.) |
200 Riverfront Boulevard Elmwood Park, New Jersey (Address of Principal Executive Offices) |
07407 (Zip Code) |
Item 2.02 | Results of Operations and Financial Condition. |
Item 9.01 | Financial Statements and Exhibits. |
Exhibit | ||||
Number | Description | |||
99.1 | Press Release of Sealed Air Corporation dated April 27, 2011. |
SEALED AIR CORPORATION |
||||
By: | /s/ Mary A. Coventry | |||
Name: | Mary A. Coventry | |||
Title: | Vice President | |||
Exhibit | ||||
Number | Description | |||
99.1 | Press Release of Sealed Air Corporation dated April 27, 2011. |
Sealed Air Corporation 200 Riverfront Boulevard Elmwood Park, NJ 07407 Contact: Amanda Butler 201-791-7600 |
| Volumes increased 3%, including a 7% increase in Protective Packaging | |
| Europe sustained recovery, resulting in 6% volume growth | |
| Product price/mix increased 2%, reflecting benefits of prior pricing actions | |
| Profitability impacted by the timing of recovery of higher raw material and freight costs | |
| Additional pricing actions announced to recover petrochemical and energy-related costs |
1
2
| A low-teen percent average increase in resin costs over the year, compared with a low-to-mid single-digit percent average increase in resin costs; | ||
| A favorable impact on net sales from foreign currency translation, compared with a slightly unfavorable impact. This update reflects the strengthening of several foreign currencies, including the euro, relative to the U.S. dollar; and | ||
| Capital expenditures are now projected to be $125 to $150 million, compared with $150 to $175 million, due to changes in timing of projects. |
3
4
5
Three Months Ended | ||||||||||||
March 31, | % | |||||||||||
2011 | 2010 | Change | ||||||||||
Net sales: |
||||||||||||
Food Packaging |
$ | 474.9 | $ | 447.2 | 6 | % | ||||||
Food Solutions |
228.8 | 219.1 | 4 | |||||||||
Protective Packaging |
335.1 | 306.5 | 9 | |||||||||
Other |
89.7 | 88.4 | 1 | |||||||||
Total net sales |
1,128.5 | 1,061.2 | 6 | |||||||||
Cost of sales |
819.5 | 761.2 | 8 | |||||||||
Gross profit |
309.0 | 300.0 | 3 | |||||||||
As a % of total net sales |
27.4 | % | 28.3 | % | ||||||||
Marketing, administrative and development expenses |
186.0 | 175.5 | 6 | |||||||||
As a % of total net sales |
16.5 | % | 16.5 | % | ||||||||
Restructuring and other charges |
| 0.6 | # | |||||||||
Operating profit |
123.0 | 123.9 | (1 | ) | ||||||||
As a % of total net sales |
10.9 | % | 11.7 | % | ||||||||
Interest expense |
(37.0 | ) | (40.7 | ) | (9 | ) | ||||||
Impairment of available-for-sale securities |
| (0.7 | ) | # | ||||||||
Foreign currency exchange (losses) gains related to
Venezuelan subsidiary(1) |
(0.2 | ) | 1.2 | # | ||||||||
Other (expense) income, net |
(3.9 | ) | 2.3 | # | ||||||||
Earnings before income tax provision |
81.9 | 86.0 | (5 | ) | ||||||||
Income tax provision |
22.2 | 24.8 | (10 | ) | ||||||||
Net earnings available to common stockholders |
$ | 59.7 | $ | 61.2 | (2 | ) | ||||||
As a % of total net sales |
5.3 | % | 5.8 | % | ||||||||
Net earnings per common share: (2) |
||||||||||||
Basic |
$ | 0.37 | $ | 0.38 | (3 | ) | ||||||
Diluted |
$ | 0.34 | $ | 0.35 | (3 | ) | ||||||
Dividends per common share |
$ | 0.13 | $ | 0.12 | 8 | % | ||||||
Weighted average number of common
shares outstanding: (2) |
||||||||||||
Basic |
158.7 | 157.8 | ||||||||||
Diluted |
176.9 | 176.1 | ||||||||||
# | Denotes a variance greater than 100%, or not meaningful. | |
(1) | Effective January 1, 2010, Venezuela was designated as a highly inflationary economy under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, or U.S. GAAP. As a result, the U.S. dollar replaced the Bolivar fuerte as the functional currency. These pre-tax gains and losses were due to the changes in the exchange rates both upon settlement of Bolivar-denominated transactions and upon the remeasurement of our Venezuelan subsidiarys financial statements at March 31, 2011 and 2010. | |
(2) | See Supplementary Information included in this release for the calculation of basic and diluted net earnings per common share. |
6
Three Months Ended | |||||||
March 31, | |||||||
2011 | 2010 | ||||||
Basic Net Earnings Per Common Share: |
|||||||
Numerator |
|||||||
Net earnings available to common stockholders |
$ | 59.7 | $ | 61.2 | |||
Distributed and allocated undistributed net earnings to non-vested restricted
stockholders |
(0.4 | ) | (0.4 | ) | |||
Distributed and allocated undistributed net earnings to common stockholders |
59.3 | 60.8 | |||||
Distributed net earnings dividends paid to common stockholders |
(20.7 | ) | (19.0 | ) | |||
Allocation of undistributed net earnings to common stockholders |
$ | 38.6 | $ | 41.8 | |||
Denominator |
|||||||
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding basic |
158.7 | 157.8 | |||||
Basic net earnings per common share: |
|||||||
Distributed net earnings to common stockholders |
$ | 0.13 | $ | 0.12 | |||
Allocated undistributed net earnings to common stockholders |
0.24 | 0.26 | |||||
Basic net earnings per common share |
$ | 0.37 | $ | 0.38 | |||
Diluted Net Earnings Per Common Share: |
|||||||
Numerator |
|||||||
Distributed and allocated undistributed net earnings to common stockholders |
$ | 59.3 | $ | 60.8 | |||
Add: Allocated undistributed net earnings to non-vested restricted stockholders |
0.2 | 0.3 | |||||
Less: Undistributed net earnings reallocated to non-vested restricted
stockholders |
(0.2 | ) | (0.3 | ) | |||
Net earnings available to common stockholders diluted |
$ | 59.3 | $ | 60.8 | |||
Denominator(1) |
|||||||
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding basic |
158.7 | 157.8 | |||||
Effect of assumed issuance of Settlement agreement shares |
18.0 | 18.0 | |||||
Effect of non-vested restricted stock and restricted stock units |
0.2 | 0.3 | |||||
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding diluted |
176.9 | 176.1 | |||||
Diluted net earnings per common share |
$ | 0.34 | $ | 0.35 | |||
(1) | Provides for the following items if their inclusion is dilutive: (i) the effect of assumed issuance of 18 million shares of common stock reserved for the Settlement agreement as defined in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and (ii) the effect of non-vested restricted stock and restricted stock units using the treasury stock method. |
7
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
March 31, | ||||||||
2011 | 2010 | |||||||
U.S. GAAP diluted net earnings per common share as reported |
$ | 0.34 | $ | 0.35 | ||||
Add: Global manufacturing strategy and restructuring and
other charges of $1.8, net of taxes of $0.8 in 2010 |
| 0.01 | ||||||
Non-U.S. GAAP adjusted diluted net earnings per common share |
$ | 0.34 | $ | 0.36 | ||||
(1) | Non-U.S. GAAP adjusted diluted net earnings per common share is provided as supplemental information to U.S. GAAP diluted net earnings per common share as reported and does not purport to represent diluted net earnings per common share as that term is defined and reported under U.S. GAAP, and should not be considered as an alternative or substitute to such measure or as an indicator of our performance under U.S. GAAP. Also, this non-U.S. GAAP measure may not be comparable to similarly-titled measures used by others. Presenting non-U.S. GAAP adjusted diluted net earnings per common share aids in the comparisons with other periods or prior guidance, and this measure is among the various performance indicators used by our management to measure the performance of our consolidated operations. Further, the items included in the reconciliation above may also be excluded from the calculations of our performance measures set by the Organization and Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors for purposes of determining incentive compensation. Thus, our management believes that this information may be useful to investors. |
8
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
March 31, | ||||||||
2011 | 2010 | |||||||
U.S. GAAP gross profit as reported |
$ | 309.0 | $ | 300.0 | ||||
As a % of total net sales |
27.4 | % | 28.3 | % | ||||
Add: Global manufacturing strategy charges |
| 1.8 | ||||||
Add: European manufacturing facility closure charges(2) |
0.3 | | ||||||
Non-U.S. GAAP adjusted gross profit |
$ | 309.3 | $ | 301.8 | ||||
As a % of total net sales |
27.4 | % | 28.4 | % | ||||
U.S. GAAP operating profit as reported |
$ | 123.0 | $ | 123.9 | ||||
As a % of total net sales |
10.9 | % | 11.7 | % | ||||
Add: Global manufacturing strategy restructuring and other charges |
| 2.6 | ||||||
Add: European manufacturing facility closure charges(2) |
0.3 | | ||||||
Non-U.S. GAAP adjusted operating profit |
$ | 123.3 | $ | 126.5 | ||||
As a % of total net sales |
10.9 | % | 11.9 | % |
(1) | Non-U.S. GAAP adjusted gross profit and operating profit are provided as supplemental information to U.S. GAAP gross profit and operating profit as reported and do not purport to represent either term as defined and reported under U.S. GAAP, and should not be considered as alternatives or substitutes to such measures or as indicators of our performance under U.S. GAAP. Also, these non-U.S. GAAP measures may not be comparable to similarly-titled measures used by others. Presenting non-U.S. GAAP adjusted gross profit and operating profit aids in the comparisons with other periods or prior guidance, and these measures are among the various performance indicators used by our management to measure the performance of our operations. Further, the items included in the reconciliation above may also be excluded from the calculations of our performance measures set by the Organization and Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors for purposes of determining incentive compensation. Thus, our management believes that this information may be useful to investors. | |
(2) | Represents charges associated with the closure of a packaging facility in Europe. |
9
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
March 31, | ||||||||
2011 | 2010 | |||||||
Operating profit: |
||||||||
Food Packaging |
$ | 62.6 | $ | 56.5 | ||||
As a % of Food Packaging net sales |
13.2 | % | 12.6 | % | ||||
Food Solutions |
19.4 | 20.9 | ||||||
As a % of Food Solutions net sales |
8.5 | % | 9.5 | % | ||||
Protective Packaging |
40.0 | 39.5 | ||||||
As a % of Protective Packaging net sales |
11.9 | % | 12.9 | % | ||||
Other |
1.0 | 7.6 | ||||||
As a % of Other net sales |
1.1 | % | 8.6 | % | ||||
Total segments and other |
123.0 | 124.5 | ||||||
As a % of total net sales |
10.9 | % | 11.7 | % | ||||
Restructuring and other charges(2) |
| 0.6 | ||||||
Total |
$ | 123.0 | $ | 123.9 | ||||
As a % of total net sales |
10.9 | % | 11.7 | % | ||||
Depreciation and amortization: |
||||||||
Food Packaging |
$ | 16.3 | $ | 18.9 | ||||
Food Solutions |
7.5 | 7.9 | ||||||
Protective Packaging |
7.0 | 7.8 | ||||||
Other |
5.2 | 5.0 | ||||||
Total |
$ | 36.0 | $ | 39.6 | ||||
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
March 31, | ||||||||
2011 | 2010 | |||||||
CAPITAL EXPENDITURES(1) |
$ | 19.5 | $ | 15.4 | ||||
(1) | The 2011 amounts presented are subject to change prior to the filing of our upcoming Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. | |
(2) | Represents charges associated with the implementation of our global manufacturing strategy, primarily in our Food Packaging segment. |
10
March 31, | Dec. 31, | Sept. 30, | June 30, | March 31, | ||||||||||||||||
2011(1) | 2010 | 2010 | 2010 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||
Assets |
||||||||||||||||||||
Current assets: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 696.0 | $ | 675.6 | $ | 761.8 | $ | 662.2 | $ | 627.5 | ||||||||||
Receivables, net |
696.1 | 697.1 | 691.9 | 642.8 | 641.5 | |||||||||||||||
Inventories |
559.0 | 495.8 | 539.1 | 512.4 | 502.1 | |||||||||||||||
Other current assets |
171.0 | 171.5 | 226.8 | 239.2 | 264.9 | |||||||||||||||
Total current assets |
2,122.1 | 2,040.0 | 2,219.6 | 2,056.6 | 2,036.0 | |||||||||||||||
Property and equipment, net |
958.3 | 948.3 | 965.3 | 943.3 | 979.7 | |||||||||||||||
Goodwill |
1,952.1 | 1,945.9 | 1,947.8 | 1,938.8 | 1,941.4 | |||||||||||||||
Other assets, net |
457.8 | 465.2 | 438.9 | 400.1 | 378.8 | |||||||||||||||
Total assets |
$ | 5,490.3 | $ | 5,399.4 | $ | 5,571.6 | $ | 5,338.8 | $ | 5,335.9 | ||||||||||
Liabilities and stockholders equity |
||||||||||||||||||||
Current liabilities: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Short-term borrowings |
$ | 9.1 | $ | 23.5 | $ | 19.7 | $ | 15.4 | $ | 14.0 | ||||||||||
Current portion of long-term debt |
4.9 | 6.5 | 8.6 | 9.5 | 7.5 | |||||||||||||||
Accounts payable |
265.5 | 232.0 | 238.2 | 239.6 | 223.9 | |||||||||||||||
Settlement agreement and related
accrued interest |
798.7 | 787.9 | 777.6 | 767.3 | 757.0 | |||||||||||||||
Other current liabilities |
365.4 | 397.8 | 401.0 | 369.5 | 384.5 | |||||||||||||||
Total current liabilities |
1,443.6 | 1,447.7 | 1,445.1 | 1,401.3 | 1,386.9 | |||||||||||||||
Long-term debt, less current portion |
1,398.8 | 1,399.2 | 1,559.6 | 1,559.3 | 1,560.6 | |||||||||||||||
Other liabilities |
154.9 | 150.9 | 168.3 | 154.0 | 157.4 | |||||||||||||||
Total liabilities |
2,997.3 | 2,997.8 | 3,173.0 | 3,114.6 | 3,104.9 | |||||||||||||||
Total parent company stockholders equity |
2,496.6 | 2,404.6 | 2,399.5 | 2,224.6 | 2,230.9 | |||||||||||||||
Noncontrolling interests |
(3.6 | ) | (3.0 | ) | (0.9 | ) | (0.4 | ) | 0.1 | |||||||||||
Total stockholders equity |
2,493.0 | 2,401.6 | 2,398.6 | 2,224.2 | 2,231.0 | |||||||||||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders equity |
$ | 5,490.3 | $ | 5,399.4 | $ | 5,571.6 | $ | 5,338.8 | $ | 5,335.9 | ||||||||||
(1) | The amounts presented are subject to change prior to the filing of our upcoming Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. |
11
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
March 31, | ||||||||
2011 | 2010 | |||||||
U.S. GAAP net earnings available to common stockholders as reported |
$ | 59.7 | $ | 61.2 | ||||
Net earnings effect resulting from the following: |
||||||||
Add: Global manufacturing strategy and restructuring and other charges, net of taxes of
$0.8 |
| 1.8 | ||||||
Add / (less): Foreign currency exchange losses (gains) related to Venezuelan
subsidiary, net of taxes of $0.1 in 2011 and $0.4 in 2010 |
0.1 | (0.8 | ) | |||||
Add: Impairment of available-for-sale securities, net of taxes of $0.3 |
| 0.4 | ||||||
Add: European manufacturing facility closure charges, net of taxes of $0.1 |
0.2 | | ||||||
Less: Cost reduction and productivity program restructuring credit, net of taxes of $0.1 |
| (0.1 | ) | |||||
Non-U.S. GAAP adjusted net earnings available to common stockholders |
$ | 60.0 | $ | 62.5 | ||||
Add: Depreciation and amortization |
36.0 | 39.6 | ||||||
Add: Share-based incentive compensation expense |
5.8 | 7.5 | ||||||
Less: Capital expenditures |
(19.5 | ) | (15.4 | ) | ||||
Changes in working capital items:(2) |
||||||||
Receivables, net |
1.0 | 25.2 | ||||||
Inventories |
(63.2 | ) | (32.7 | ) | ||||
Accounts payable |
33.5 | 9.7 | ||||||
Non-U.S. GAAP Free Cash Flow |
$ | 53.6 | $ | 96.4 | ||||
(1) | Non-U.S. GAAP free cash flow is provided as supplemental information and does not purport to represent net earnings or net cash provided by operating activities as those terms are defined under U.S. GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative or substitute to such measurements or as an indicator of our performance under U.S. GAAP. Our calculation of free cash flow may not be comparable with similarly-titled measures used by others. Free cash flow is among the various indicators used by our management to measure the performance of our operations, is one of the performance measures on which we may base incentive compensation decisions, and aids in the comparisons with other periods. Thus our management believes such information may be useful to investors. | |
(2) | Includes the impact of foreign currency translation. |
12
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
March 31, | ||||||||
2011 | 2010 | |||||||
U.S. GAAP net
earnings available
to common
stockholders as
reported |
$ | 59.7 | $ | 61.2 | ||||
Add: Interest expense |
37.0 | 40.7 | ||||||
Add: Income tax
provision |
22.2 | 24.8 | ||||||
Non-U.S. GAAP EBIT |
118.9 | 126.7 | ||||||
Add: Depreciation
and amortization |
36.0 | 39.6 | ||||||
Non-U.S. GAAP EBITDA |
154.9 | 166.3 | ||||||
Add: Share-based
incentive
compensation expense |
5.8 | 7.5 | ||||||
Add: Global
manufacturing
strategy and
restructuring and
other charges |
| 2.6 | ||||||
Add /
(less): Foreign currency
exchange losses
(gains) related to
Venezuelan
subsidiary |
0.2 | (1.2 | ) | |||||
Add: Impairment of
available-for-sale
securities |
| 0.7 | ||||||
Add: European
manufacturing
facility closure
charges |
0.3 | | ||||||
Add: Settlement
agreement related
costs |
0.4 | 0.3 | ||||||
Less: cost reduction
and productivity
program
restructuring credit |
| (0.2 | ) | |||||
Non-U.S. GAAP
adjusted EBITDA |
$ | 161.6 | $ | 176.0 | ||||
Total net sales |
$ | 1,128.5 | $ | 1,061.2 | ||||
Non-U.S. GAAP
adjusted EBITDA as a
percentage of total
net sales |
14.3 | % | 16.6 | % | ||||
(1) | Non-U.S. GAAP EBIT, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are provided as supplemental information and do not purport to represent net earnings or net cash provided by operating activities, as those terms are defined under U.S. GAAP, and should not be considered as alternatives or substitutes to such measurements or as indicators of our performance under U.S. GAAP. Our definitions of EBIT, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable with similarly-titled measures used by others. Non-U.S. GAAP EBIT, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are among the various indicators used by our management to measure the performance of our operations and aid in the comparison with other periods. Such measures are also among the criteria upon which incentive compensation may be based. Thus our management believes this information may be useful to investors. |
13
Three Months Ended March 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Food | Food | Protective | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Packaging | Solutions | Packaging | Other | Company | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Volume Units |
$ | 8.9 | 2.0 | % | $ | (0.4 | ) | (0.2 | )% | $ | 22.7 | 7.4 | % | $ | 0.6 | 0.7 | % | $ | 31.8 | 3.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Volume Acquired businesses,
net of (dispositions) |
| | | | 0.2 | 0.1 | | | 0.2 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Product price/mix (2) |
9.4 | 2.1 | 6.1 | 2.8 | 2.2 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 18.6 | 1.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation |
9.4 | 2.1 | 4.0 | 1.8 | 3.5 | 1.1 | (0.2 | ) | (0.2 | ) | 16.7 | 1.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total change (U.S. GAAP) |
$ | 27.7 | 6.2 | % | $ | 9.7 | 4.4 | % | $ | 28.6 | 9.3 | % | $ | 1.3 | 1.5 | % | $ | 67.3 | 6.3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Impact of foreign currency
translation |
(9.4 | ) | (2.1 | ) | (4.0 | ) | (1.8 | ) | (3.5 | ) | (1.1 | ) | 0.2 | 0.2 | (16.7 | ) | (1.5 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total constant dollar change
(Non-U.S. GAAP) |
$ | 18.3 | 4.1 | % | $ | 5.7 | 2.6 | % | $ | 25.1 | 8.2 | % | $ | 1.5 | 1.7 | % | $ | 50.6 | 4.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
(1) | The tables above present the components of change in our consolidated net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2011 compared with the same period in 2010. We also present the change in net sales excluding the impact of foreign currency translation, a non-U.S. GAAP measure, which we define as constant dollar. As a worldwide business, it is important that we take into account the effects of foreign currency translation when we review our results and plan our strategies. Nonetheless, we cannot directly control changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Consequently, when management looks at our net sales to measure the performance of our business, it typically excludes the impact of foreign currency translation. We believe using constant dollar comparisons aids in the comparability with other periods. We may also exclude the impact of foreign currency translation when making incentive compensation determinations. As a result, management believes this presentation may be useful to investors. | |
(2) | Our product price/mix reported above includes the net impact of our pricing actions and rebates as well as the period-to-period change in the mix of products sold. Also included in our reported product price/mix is the net effect of some of our customers purchasing our products in non-U.S. dollar or euro denominated countries at selling prices denominated in U.S. dollars or euros. This primarily arises when we export products from the U.S. and euro-zone countries. The impact to our reported product price/mix of these purchases in other countries at selling prices denominated in U.S. dollars or euros was immaterial in the first quarters of 2011 and 2010. |
14
Three Months Ended March 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. | International | Total Company | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Volume Units |
$ | 17.7 | 3.7 | % | $ | 14.1 | 2.4 | % | $ | 31.8 | 3.0 | % | ||||||||||||
Volume Acquired businesses,
net of (dispositions) |
0.2 | | | | 0.2 | | ||||||||||||||||||
Product price/mix (1) |
17.2 | 3.6 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 18.6 | 1.8 | ||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation |
| | 16.7 | 2.9 | 16.7 | 1.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 35.1 | 7.3 | % | $ | 32.2 | 5.6 | % | $ | 67.3 | 6.3 | % | ||||||||||||
(1) | See Note 2 of Components of Change in Net Sales Business Segments and Other for further details of product price/mix. |
15
Three Months Ended March 31, 2011 | ||||||||
Including the effect of | Excluding the effect of foreign | |||||||
foreign currency | currency | |||||||
translation | translation(1) | |||||||
U.S. |
7.3 | % | 7.3 | % | ||||
Canada |
0.2 | (5.7 | ) | |||||
Europe |
5.4 | 6.7 | ||||||
Latin America |
6.2 | 1.2 | ||||||
Asia Pacific |
6.6 | (2.1 | ) | |||||
Total |
6.3 | % | 4.8 | % | ||||
Three Months Ended | ||||
March 31, 2011 | ||||
U.S. |
46.0 | % | ||
Canada |
3.0 | |||
Europe |
27.2 | |||
Latin America |
9.5 | |||
Asia Pacific |
14.3 | |||
Total |
100.0 | % | ||
(1) | Non-U.S. GAAP financial measures. See Note 1 of Components of Change in Net Sales Business Segments and Other for further details. |
16